public class Main {
 
    public static int ub(int[] a, int x) {
        int lo = 0;
        int hi = a.length - 1;
 
        while (lo <= hi) {
            int mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
            if (a[mid] <= x) {
                lo = mid + 1;
            } else {
                if (mid == 0) return 0;
                if (a[mid - 1] <= x) return mid;
                hi = mid - 1;
            }
        }
        return lo;
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] data = {2, 4, 4, 4, 8, 12, 12, 15};
        int find = 4;
        int pos = ub(data, find);
 
        if (pos < data.length) {
            System.out.println("Upper bound position: " + pos);
        } else {
            System.out.println("Upper bound position: " + data.length);
        }
    }
}
 

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